The UN General Assembly (UNGA) at the 69th session in 2016 decided to convene at UNHQ in September 2019 a one-day high level review of the progress made in addressing the priorities of small island developing States (SIDS) through the implementation of the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway. The UNGA also decided that the high level review will result in “a concise action oriented and inter-governmentally agreed political declaration”.

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Target 13.b aims to "Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities".

Target 14.a aims to "Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries".

Target 14.b focuses on " increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism" by 2030. More

On 4 December 2015 the 2nd Committee adopted the draft resolution (A/C.2/70/L.47) which decided to establish the Small Island Developing States Partnership (SIDS) Framework, in accordance with paragraph 101 of the SAMOA Pathway.

The SIDS Partnership Framework, which is to monitor and ensure the full implementation SIDS partnerships, is based on a set of recommendations which were prepared by DSD in close consultation with member States.

The SIDS Partnership Framework consists of:

· Steering Committee - open to all States Members of the United Nations or members of the specialized agencies, chaired by one small island developing State and one State that is not a small island developing State, to be appointed by the President of the General Assembly.

· Organization on an annual basis a Global Multi-stakeholder SIDS Partnership Dialogue

· DESA to finalize a standardized partnership reporting template and process of SIDS partnerships

The SIDS Partnership Framework also encourages national and regional partnership dialogues to be organized through existing forums and meetings. More

The Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States was held from 1 to 4 September 2014 in Apia, Samoa.

The overarching theme of the conference was "The sustainable development of small island developing States through genuine and durable partnerships".

The SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway (Samoa Pathway) adopted at the Conference addresses priority areas for SIDS and calls for urgent actions and support for SIDS’ efforts to achieve their sustainable development.

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Paragraphs 178 -180 are devoted to SIDS.

In particular, in paragraph 178, Member States reiterate the condition of SIDS as "a special case for sustainable development in view of their unique and particular vulnerabilities, including their small size, remoteness, narrow resource and export base, and exposure to global environmental challenges and external economic shocks, including to a large range of impacts from climate change and potentially more frequent and intense natural disasters".

Member States also express their concerns on the fact that "small island developing States have made less progress than most other groupings, or even regressed, in economic terms, especially in terms of poverty reduction and debt sustainability".

Therefore, in paragraph 179, Member States reaffirm their commitment in providing assistance to "small island developing States in implementing the Barbados Programme of Action and the Mauritius Strategy" as well as the need to "strengthen the United Nations System support to small island developing States".

Paragraph 180 calls for "the convening in 2014 of a third international conference on small island developing States, recognizing the importance of coordinated, balanced and integrated actions to address the sustainable development challenges facing small island developing States". More

The GA decided to conduct a 5-year review of the Mauritius Strategy for the Implementation of the Barbados Plan of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island States during its 65th Session and identified as priorities issues the strengthening of data management capacities for SIDS monitoring and evaluation, the enhancement of strategic partnerships, the assessment of the UN System effectiveness in supporting SIDS, the need for resulted-oriented approaches and improvement of measures to effectively address SIDS’s vulnerabilities and the possibility of recognizing SIDS as a special category within the UN System.

The Outcome document of the High-level Review Meeting on the implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States was published under A/RES/65/2. More

In the framework of the 10-year review of the Barbados Programme of Action, the General Assembly mandated, by Resolution A/57/262, the organization of the high level Mauritius International Meeting.

Held at the beginning of 2005, the meeting produced the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the BPOI.

Aware of the challenges still faced by SIDS in the implementation of the programme, especially limited financial resources and the reduction in the official development assistance, the document listed a set of 19 priorities areas.

Apart from the 14 BPOA thematic areas, the other 5 were graduation from least developed country status, trade, sustainable production and consumption (as called for by the JPOI), health, knowledge management, and culture. More

The JPOI identifies SIDS as a special case both for environment and development. "Although they continue to take the lead in the path towards sustainable development in their countries, they are increasingly constrained by the interplay of adverse factors".

Therefore, among the identified actions to be adopted, there are: acceleration of national and regional implementation of the JPOI, with adequate financial resources, implementation of further sustainable fisheries management and assistance to SIDS, providing support for the implementation of their specific components, for freshwater programmes, reduction, prevention and control of waste and pollution.

Other actions include the extension of assistance to SIDS in support of local communities, in mobilizing adequate resources, in supporting efforts on energy supply and services.
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The State of Progress and Initiatives for the Future Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of SIDS, adopted by the 22th GA Special Session held in September 1999, aimed at reviewing and appraising the implementation of the BPOA and in this context highlighted six problem areas requiring urgent action.

The identified areas were respectively: climate change, natural and environmental disasters and climate variability, freshwater resources, coastal and marine resources, energy and tourism.

The Special Session also focused on the strategies to be adopted for the BPOA implementation and in particular on resource mobilization and finance, sustainable development strategies, resource development, capacity building, globalization and trade liberalization, transfer of environmentally- sounded technology, a vulnerability index, information management through strengthening the SIDS Network and international cooperation and partnership.
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The Bardados Programme of Action, adopted during the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of SIDS held in Barbados in 1994, defines the priorities, the cross-sectoral areas as well as the actions and strategies to be undertaken at national, regional and global level to ensure the sustainable development of SIDS.

The 14 priorities, identified by the BPOA, are the following: climate change and sea- level rise, natural and environmental disasters, management of wastes, coastal and marine resources, freshwater resources, energy resources, tourism resources, biodiversity resources, national institutions and administrative capacity, regional institutions and technical cooperation, transport and communication, science and technology and human resource development.

As cross-sectoral areas, the Programme recognizes capacity building; institutional development at the national, regional and international levels; cooperation in the transfer of environmentally sound technologies; trade and economic diversification and finance.
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In Chapter 17.g, Member States commit themselves to addressing the problems of sustainable development of small island developing States.

To this end, Agenda 21 recognizes the need "to adopt and implement plans and programmes to support the sustainable development and utilization of their marine and coastal resources, including meeting essential human needs, maintaining biodiversity and improving the quality of life for island people" as well as the need for the adoption of "measures which will enable small island developing States to cope effectively, creatively and sustainably with environmental change and to mitigate impacts and reduce the threats posed to marine and coastal resources". More