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National Activities: Pakistan

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Pakistan

National Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable Development
12-13 October 1998
Islamabad

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

In cooperation with the Ministry of Environment, Local Government and Rural Development, Government of Pakistan

Annex III

A. List of Environmental Indicators

Issue of Concern Driving Force Indicators State Indicators Response Indicators
Air quality    

- Reduction in the  emissions of Sox and Nox (% per year)

- Capacity of Sox and Nox abatement equipment of stationary sources
Water availability - Household consumption of water/capita in urban areas (m3)   - Household with access to potable water (%)
Water quality - Industrial/municipal discharges into freshwater bodies    
Toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes - Use of fertilizers
- Use of agricultural pesticides
- Generation of hazardous waste
- Emissions of organic compounds		    
Urban environmental issues - Rate of growth of urban population (%)    
Urbanization - Rural/urban migration    
Traffic - Transport fuel consumption per capita

- Traffic density

 - % of urban population exposed to concentrations of S02 particulates, ozone, C0 and lead - Regulation on emission and noise levels for new cars
Waste - Solid waste generated per capita (m3/year)   - Municipal waste disposal (t/capita)
Energy resources - Annual energy consumption per capita   - Expenditures on energy efficiency and alternative energy
Forest - Deforestation rate

- Short-run sustained yield/actual harvest

    
Biodiversity - Habitat alteration   - Protected area as % of total land area
Desertification - Land use change (km2)   - Protected area as % of total area

- Area of land reclaimed

B. List of Economic Indicators

DRIVING FORCE INDICATORS STATE INDICATORS RESPONSE INDICATORS
- GDP per capita - Environmental/Adjusted Net Domestic Product  
- Net Investment Share in GDP - Share of Manufactured Goods in Total Merchandise Export  
- Sum of Export and Import as a Percentage of GDP - Proven Mineral Resources  
- Annual Energy Consumption - Proven Fossil Fuel/Energy Reserves  
- Share of Natural Resource Intensive Energy in Manufacture Value Added - Energy Resources  
- Net Resources Transfer/GNP - Intensity of material used - Share of manufacturing value added in GDP - Environmental Protection Expenditure as Percentage of GDP
- Total ODA Given or Recovered as a Percentage of GNP   - Amount of New and Additional Funding for Sustainable Development
- Capital Goods Imports - Share of Renewable Energy Resource  
- Foreign Direct Investment - Debt/GNP
- Debt Service/Export
- Share of Environmentally Sound Capital Good Imports
- Saving as Percentage of GDP 		- Technical Cooperative Grants

C. List of Social Indicators

1. Poverty

  • Measurement indicator- income, assets
  • Un-employment
  • Labour force participation rates
  • Education level of the labour rates
  • Self employment by level of education
  • Employment by sex

2. Demographic dynamics

  • population growth rate
  • Fertility rates
  • Mortality rates
  • Life expectancy
  • Population density

3. Education and training

  • Primary school enrolment rate
  • Secondary school enrolment rate
  • Children reaching grade 5
  • Drop out rates
  • Number of schools, colleges, universities and vocational training institutions

4. Human health

  • Doctor-population ratio
  • Hospital Bed-population ratio
  • Nurse-population ratio
  • LHV- population ratio
  • Infant-mortality rates
  • Life expectancy rates
  • Drinking water
  • Immunization
  • Contraceptive prevalence rate

5. Capacity building

  • Number of skilled persons by sex

D. List of Institutional Indicators/Issues

1. Management

  1. Decision-making levels
  2. * Ratio job suitability (field specific)
  3. Distribution of resources
  4. Dissemination of information through established data base
  5. Integrated decision-making
  6. Reward, incentives, appreciation, motive
  7. * Ratio of environment related staffs, i.e., scientists, engineers, lawyers to other professionals

2. Capacity building

  1. Capacity of existing sustainable development institutions
  2. Need oriented partnerships

3. Monitoring and Evaluation

  1. Gaps identification
  2. Number of remedial measures
  3. Mandated EIA procedure
  4. Set up NEQS for air, water and soil
  5. Number of measuring laboratories

* These were the only clear indicators identified, the others were identified issues for which indicators may be identified later.

Additional Reports