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Main Milestones
2017
The Ocean Conference
2015
Addis Ababa Action Agenda
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Paris Agreement
2014
SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway
2013
High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development
2012
United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, RIO +20: the Future We Want
2010
Five-year review of the Mauritius Strategy of Implementation: MSI+5
2005
BPOA+10: Mauritius Strategy of Implementation
2002
World Summit on Sustainable (WSSD) Rio+10: Johannesburg Plan of Implementation
1999
Bardados Programme of Action (BPOA)+5
1997
UNGASS -19: Earth Summit +5
1994
Bardados Programme of Action (BPOA)
1993
Start of CSD
1992
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development: Agenda 21
1987
Our Common Future
1972
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Conference)
Creation of UNEP
Perspectives on Sustainable Energy for the 21st Century
UN-DES, 2012
This study is part of the Sustainable Development in the 21st century (SD21) project. The project is
implemented by the Division for Sustainable Development of the United Nations Department of
Economic and Social Affairs and funded by the European Commission - Directorate-General for
Environment - Thematic Programme for Environment and sustainable management of Natural Resources,
including energy (ENRTP).

Acknowledgements: The study was carried out by Mark Howells, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH),
Sweden, and R. Alexander Roehrl (UN DESA). The author extends his gratitude to the experts quoted in
sections 3 and 4; David le Blanc (UN DESA); independent consultant Lucille Langlois; as well as Oliver
Broad, Yu Sheng Lan, Dayo Adegbaiye, Usman Hassan Syed, Rochelle Morrison, Ahmad Zulifqar and
Rebecka Sergerström (KTH).

Disclaimer: This publication was produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of
this publication are the sole responsibility of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social
Affairs and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Similarly, the views
expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United
Nations or its senior management.

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