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1. Introduction
The Union of Comoros has been committed to the implementation of the SDGs since their adoption in With the support of the United Nations System, through UNDP, the country has achieved contextualization and prioritization of SDG targets by involving institutions civil society, the private sector and development partners. As a matter of all, 68 SDG targets with indicators linked to priorities, specific challenges and the country's statistical capabilities.
The Emerging Comoros Plan (ECP) for 2030 is the reference document for the implementation of the SDGs. Adopted in 2019, under the leadership of the President of Union of Comoros, the ECP advocates a joint implementation of the 2030 Agenda United Nations and the African Union's Agenda 2063. It is articulated into five strategic bases and five catalysts to better take cross-sectors into account, Consistent and effective implementation of policy and policy-making Development.
2. State of achievement of the SDGs
2.1 Capital social
The proportion of the population deprived of services has decreased by almost 10% in 10-year-old. 23.5% live below the national poverty line and 18% below the poverty line (less than $1.25/day). Electricity covers 33% of the population, access to drinking water 18% and sanitation 36%. The government's goal is to reduce these rates to 100% by 2030.
The health system has many shortcomings in the face of an epidemiological profile plagued by numerous diseases, endemic and other diseases. emerging noncommunicable diseases including diabetes and Cardiovascular. The population faces a situation of precarious health. The arrival COVID-19 makes the challenges even more during.
2.2 Human Capital
Girl-boy parity is effective in primary and secondary schools. For teaching the University of Comoros has about 16,000 students (2018-2019), or 16 times its starting line-up (2003-2004). Efforts need to be made on the quality of teaching and placement of young graduates. The gross rate of pre-schooling and literacy rates have been on the rise over the past 10 years, but some disparities are particularly observed between urban and rural areas.
2.3 Economic capital
The ECP recognizes the blue economy as the engine of emergence. Fishing helps 6.7% to national wealth. The agricultural sector employs 57% of the working population and provides about 90% of export earnings mainly related to Pension. The government plans to develop several sectors, including tourism and mining on the seabed. It is setting up a development programme infrastructure. Comoros ranks among the countries with income Intermediate.
2.4 Natural Capital
The climate issue is a major factor in the emergence, transcending the overall environmental sector. The government plans to expand the national system protected areas to more than 25% of the national territory, the increase in capacity renewable energy from 0.6% to 40% by 2030, building resilience to renewable energy disasters, adaptation of agriculture, restoration of watersheds and capacity building disaster risk management.
3. Mechanisms for coordination, mobilization of resources and Partnership
Under the aegis of the Head of State, coordination is provided by the Secretary General of the Government, supported by the Office of the General Planning Commissioner. The institutional system monitoring the implementation of the SDGs, the same as that of the ECP, is structured around the 5P, including all stakeholders. The current challenge is to make this device Operational.
In addition, the government is working to mobilize resources and the partnership to implementation of the ECP. The 50% increase in public investment between 2016 2018 and the mobilization of 4.3 billion euros at the partners' conference in the development in Paris in 2019, are part of this dynamic. The government is also carrying out administrative, legal and institutional reforms to enable to enhance competitiveness, particularly through new technologies.
4. Needs for support
Comoros would need technical and financial support in the following areas:
1. Introduction
L’Union des Comores s’est engagée dans la mise en oeuvre des ODD dès leur adoption en 2015. Avec l’appui du Système des Nations Unies, à travers le PNUD, le pays a réalisé la contextualisation et la priorisation des cibles des ODD en impliquant les institutions publiques, la société civile, le secteur privé et les partenaires au développement. Il en est ressorti 68 cibles ODD assortis d’indicateurs arrimés aux priorités, aux défis spécifiques et aux capacités statistiques du pays.
Le Plan Comores Émergeant (PCE) à l’horizon 2030 constitue le document de référence pour la mise en oeuvre des ODD. Adopté en 2019, sous l’impulsion du Président de l’Union des Comores, le PCE prône une mise en oeuvre conjuguée de l’Agenda 2030 de l’ONU et de l’Agenda 2063 de l’Union Africaine. Il est articulé en cinq socles stratégiques et cinq catalyseurs permettant de mieux prendre en compte les intersectorialités, pour une mise en oeuvre cohérente et efficace des politiques et programmes de développement.
2. État de réalisation des ODD
2.1 Capital social
La proportion de la population privée des services a diminué de près de 10% en espace de 10 ans. 23.5% vivent en dessous du seuil national de pauvreté et 18% sous le seuil international (moins de 1.25$/jour). L’électricité couvre 33% de la population, l’accès à l’eau potable 18% et l’assainissement 36%. Le gouvernement vise à ramener ces taux à 100% d’ici 2030.
Le système de santé présente de nombreuses carences face à un profil épidémiologique marqué par de nombreuses maladies, sévissant à l’état endémo-épidémique et autres maladies non transmissibles émergentes dont le diabète et les maladies cardiovasculaires. La population fait face à une situation de précarité sanitaire. L’arrivée du COVID-19 rend les défis à relever encore plus colossaux.
2.2 Capital humain
La parité fille-garçon est effective dans le primaire et le secondaire. Pour l’enseignement supérieur, l’Université des Comores compte environ 16000 étudiants (2018-2019), soit 16 fois son effectif de départ (2003-2004). Les efforts sont à consentir sur la qualité de l’enseignement et le placement des jeunes diplômés. Le taux brut de préscolarisation et le taux d’alphabétisation sont en progression depuis 10 ans, mais certaines disparités s’observent notamment entre milieu urbain et rural.
2.3 Capital économique
Le PCE reconnait l’économie bleue comme moteur de l’émergence. La pêche contribue pour 6,7% à la richesse nationale. Le secteur agricole emploie 57% de la population active et fournit environ 90% des revenus d’exportation essentiellement liés aux produits de rente. Le gouvernement prévoit développer plusieurs secteurs dont le tourisme et l’exploitation minière des fonds marins. Il met en place un programme de développement urbain et d’infrastructures. Les Comores se classent au rang des pays à revenu intermédiaire.
2.4 Capital naturel
L’enjeu climatique constitue un facteur majeur de l’émergence, transcendant l’ensemble du secteur environnemental. Le gouvernement prévoit l’expansion du système national des aires protégées à plus de 25% du territoire national, l’augmentation de la capacité des énergies renouvelables de 0.6% à 40% d’ici 2030, le renforcement de la résilience aux catastrophes, l’adaptation de l’agriculture, la restauration des bassins versants et le renforcement des capacités en gestion des risques de catastrophes.
3. Mécanismes de coordination, de mobilisation des ressources et du partenariat
Sous l’égide du Chef de l’État, la coordination est assurée par le Secrétaire Général du Gouvernement, appuyé par le Commissariat General au Plan. Le dispositif institutionnel de suivi de la mise en oeuvre des ODD, le même que celui du PCE, est structuré autour des 5P, incluant l’ensemble des parties prenantes. Le défi actuel est de rendre ce dispositif opérationnel.
Par ailleurs, le gouvernement s’emploie à mobiliser les ressources et le partenariat pour la mise en oeuvre du PCE. L’augmentation des investissements publics de 50% entre 2016 et 2018 et la mobilisation de 4.3 Milliards d’Euro, lors de la conférence des partenaires au développement à Paris en 2019, s’inscrivent dans cette dynamique. Le gouvernement procède aussi à des reformes administratives, juridiques et institutionnelles permettant de renforcer la compétitivité, notamment par les nouvelles technologies.
4. Besoins d’appui
Les Comores auraient besoin d’un appui technique et financier dans les secteurs suivants:
| Report | Topics covered | Process |
 Comoros - National Assessment Report of MSI+5
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Comoros
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National report - Comoros
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Rio+20; |
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