Introduction
The South Sudanese refugees who are currently settleing in savana wood land in West Nile region havve no any other source of wood fuel and construction materials, hence already depleting the already exhausted natural species of forests. The project took 1 year, with livelihood components in energy saving stove making, reusable sanitary pad, business training skills and tree planning (fruit trees and wood trees) 24,000 rees planted along the Imvepi refugee settlement and hosting communities.
Objective of the practice
To foster the climate change effects that threatens seriously undermine efforts to eliminate poverty and reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), particularly in the least developed countries. At greatest risk are the rural poor in these countries, who depend on the natural environment for their livelihoods. Above and beyond current levels of official development assistance, major new investments and innovative financing mechanisms are needed to help developing countries with their efforts to cope with the impacts of climate change, and create more sustainable, less greenhouse-intensive development paths. Emerging market mechanisms have the potential to augment the financial resources available to developing countries, but thus far the rapidly expanding international market in carbon offsets has focused on relatively few countries, with emission reduction projects that, for the most part, have generated little in the way of broad-based sustainable development or poverty reduction benefits.
Key stakeholders and partnerships
Government, CSOs and Institutions
Implementation of the Project/Activity
•Conduct research, consolidate and report best practices and solutions in policy advocacy, capacity development and knowledge management on issues relevant to REP-PoR (Regional Energy Programme for Poverty Reduction)
•Build a network of institutions to collaborate in sharing information and knowledge products relevant to the practical needs of REP-PoR in promoting the creation of a virtual knowledge network/exchange across the region
•Develop and implement a REP-PoR communications strategy, including co-ordinating programme communication, promotion and outreach activities
•Prepare, edit and co-ordinate the publication and dissemination of REP-PoR publications, outreach materials and press releases
•Work closely with the REP-PoR team in determining the most relevant information resources to be indexed and maintained in web-based workspace
•Work in partnership with Steering Project Team Knowledge Services Team to develop and implement knowledge products and systems to support REP-PoR activities, inconformity with RCB’s knowledge services standards and requirements
•Establish and maintain a Knowledge Platform (Virtual Information Centre) for REP-PoR and the Practice Team
•Contribute to the monitoring and assessment of progress of output activities, and to the preparation and distribution of the required progress reports (quarterly, semi-annual and annual) to the Project Steering Committee and the Steering Project Team Management Board
•Undertake other related tasks as requested by the team manager.
Project component management:
•Prepare the Annual Work Plan and manage the production of the planned deliverables
•Partnership and resource mobilization in support of workplan
•Draft TORs and work specifications for consultancies/subcontracts
•Be responsible for overall project component administration
•Manage and supervise the staff under the project component including two professional staffs, following agreed personnel guidelines, including provision of regular staff work plans and performance appraisals.
Project monitoring, reporting and knowledge management:
•Plan and monitor activities as determined in the Project Monitoring Schedule Plan; and update the plan, as required
•Manage the risks as determined in the Project Risks Log, including the development of contingency plans as necessary
•Participation in development of UNDP’s global and regional policies, including preparation of policy pieces and contributions to research and position papers and other knowledge products;
•Sharing of information and results within Steering Project Team, CSOs and UNDP and relevant knowledge networks and maximising knowledge capture in practice and cross-practice activities;
•Provide substantive support and serve as a resource person on the subject of expertise to UN country offices in the region , member countries and support knowledge networks
•Build and strengthen strategic partnerships with regional agencies, CBOs, NGOs and other development organisations.
•Prepare Lessons-learned Reports
•Prepare any follow-on action, recommendations, reports, as required
Results/Outputs/Impacts
Regional outputs:
1. Institutional capacities enhanced to manage, adapt and monitor climate change, and leverage carbon financing
2. Poor enabled with improved access to ecosystem assets and sustainable and affordable energy services
Expected out comes:
Climate Change:
1. Government partners have awareness, knowledge and ability for climate proofing of development plans and sectoral policies;
2. Regional/national institutions and private sector are able to access investments and financing to address climate change, particularly carbon financing.
Energy:
1. Planners and policymakers in five MDGS countries are able to incorporate strategies on access to energy services for poverty reduction within national development planning and budgeting frameworks, especially in the face of rising oil prices and it’s products.
2. Members of local/community level institutions (local government, CSOs, micro-enterprises and financial institutions) are able to formulate or amend policies/strategies/programmes that can respond to and facilitate access to energy services, using the community-based PPP approaches to promote productive uses of renewable energy, for income generation/poverty reduction.
3. Government partners and regional/national institutions engaged in joint activities that foster regional cooperation in energy security and able to provide due attention to human development issues in regional energy resource pooling and trading initiatives/programmes to promote energy security for the poor.
Ecosystems:
1. Government partners able to integrate ecosystem services into national development plans;
2. Lessons learned, and good practices on poverty-environment nexus, including Gender dimensions, shared across the region;
3. Government partners able to use tools for better coastal planning and management, as well as coordinate policies with other governments and regional institutions to support sustainable coastal ecosystem services in six Tsunami-affected countries
Enabling factors and constraints
At the 2005 World Summit, over 160 Heads of State reaffirmed the centrality of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the international development agenda. There is growing recognition that sustainable management of environmental resources is inextricably linked to poverty reduction as the impacts of environmental degradation brought on by development practices and climate change are more severely felt by the poor who disproportionately rely on natural resources and environmental services for their survival and well-being. This is particularly the case for women, children, and marginalized groups. In response to this dynamic, the UN system has integrated an environmental assets approach to understanding poverty-environment linkages, which emphasizing strong governance and institutional arrangements, as well as access and control over natural resources, as fundamental to enhancing livelihoods. Sustainable development cannot be addressed without taking into account Gender considerations. With increasing GHG emissions – Africa is expected to comprise 50% of the global GHG total by 2030 – it is important that the region is at the forefront of a global economic restructuring along ecological principles. Indeed, for Africa to achieve the MDGs in all countries, environmental outcomes that matter to poor people must be improved.
Some governments have taken proactive steps to ‘green’ their national development strategies. However, for the East African region, environment issues still factor largely in the periphery, and governments have not adequately prioritized environment as an essential part to sustainable poverty reduction plans and strategies. The trade-offs between conservation and development are strongly influenced by economic measures and indicators. But the political and economic calculations that underpin much of the development decision making are flawed and incomplete because they omit an important set of costs and services, that is, the values associated with ecosystem goods and services. From an integrated system perspective, much of the current decision-making fails to account beyond “direct†values (such as raw materials used for production, consumption and sale) and include potentially higher “indirect†values “option†values (future possible uses still unknown) and intrinsic “existence†values that are of cultural and intergenerational dimension. The belief that development infrastructure lies at the heart of economic growth and regional integration has been prevalent among national governments and donors. Yet natural infrastructure rarely receives the attention and investment needed. Instead, limited budgets are devoted to somewhat narrowly-conceived conservation projects.
Women are often most adversely impacted as they spend more time collecting wood or clean water due to growing resource scarcity. They also suffer from more restricted access to land and other natural resources. At the same time, the East African region is contributing significantly to the global climate crisis. Climate change impacts will intensify existing vulnerabilities and bring a whole additional set of challenges. It is crucial to climate-proof development plans and sector policies and embed adaptation strategies within poverty reduction strategies. Implementing ecosystem and natural resources management plans to rehabilitate and conserve critical ecosystem services, and promoting alternative livelihoods options can play an important role in reducing vulnerability to climate impacts.
Sustainability and replicability
Energy:
Under this component RCCEEP will leverage the work that has been completed so far under REP-PoR, as described in section 2, to proactively explore opportunities to engage bilateral and multilateral partners in joint activities, consistent with the three key outputs. UNDP core resources through this project will be used to leverage sustainable partnerships, to seed innovative initiatives and to mobilize additional resources and capacity to ensure long-term impact of project interventions. In particular, in efforts to build local institutional capacity and sharing of knowledge, the project will also seek partnerships with the private sector and micro-finance institutions (MFIs) to promote PPP approaches in productive uses of renewable energy. Key institutions like Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP), International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy (ENERGIA), Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Challenge, share common interest energy access and energy security. The project will seek to organize a forum for periodic consultations to identify points of convergence to promote regional initiatives.
Ecosystems: The strategy for resource mobilization under component 3 builds on and complements ongoing efforts to secure funding from public and private sources as well as bilateral and multilateral initiatives, including activities carried out by the GEF. Core resources will be used to build partnerships and mobilize resources towards implementing sustainable, pro-poor interventions at the national and regional level.
Climate Change:
Each project that gets approved by MDG carbon/ the CDM board will trigger an investment from a Northern country (either from a private company or a government) in a developing country. The average investment is estimated at USD 2 million. This money would not be invested without our work, hence we can say this investment was leveraged by UNDP Regional Centre in Bangkok (UNDP RCB). But this money will not flow through UNDP accounts, it will be a contract directly between 2 companies/ institutions. Each approved MDG Carbon project will generate a fee for UNDP of USD 285,000 of which USD 71,000 would remain with the Central Bank for services of the regional technical advisors. The balance will go to the COs, UNDP HQ etc. So in terms of fees UNDP will earn 285 k x number of projects of which 71k x number of projects would remain with the Central Bank. Similarly, each project that gets approved by one of the adaptation funds will be a project implemented by UNDP, hence this money will flow through UNDP accounts. The average project size is estimated at USD 2 million. For the purpose of this strategy it is estimated that a 5% fee is being paid (according to the financial model of the Spanish MDG Fund), which would result in fees for UNDP of USD 100k x number of projects of which approx. 33k x number of projects will remain with the RCB for services of the regional technical advisors. The resource mobilization target of USD 1,600,000 can be met by having 4 MDG carbon projects approved (4x285,000=1,140,000) and 5 adaptation projects (5x100,000=500,000).
Conclusions
All countries in Africa are affected by climate change, but the poorest countries are most vulnerable to its adverse impacts. They are the ones who are most exposed to extreme weather events and climate-induced disasters, the least able to recover from losses caused by these events, and the most dependent upon natural resources for economic development. As a result, climate change poses a serious risk for many developing countries to attaining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
It needs collective effort to fight it.
Other sources of information
https://350africa.org/8-ways-climate-change-is-already-affecting-africa/
https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2007/climate-change-africa-gets-ready
Goal 1
1.1 - By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
1.2 - By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
1.3 - Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
1.4 - By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance
1.5 - By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters
1.a - Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions
1.b - Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions
Goal 8
8.1 - Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries
8.2 - Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors
8.3 - Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
8.4 - Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead
8.5 - By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value
8.6 - By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training
8.7 - Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
8.8 - Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment
8.9 - By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
8.10 - Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all
8.a - Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries
8.b - By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization
Goal 13
13.1 - Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
13.2 - Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
13.3 - Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
13.a - Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible
13.b - Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
* Acknowledging that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the primary international,
intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.
Goal 14
14.1 - By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
14.2 - By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
14.3 - Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
14.4 - By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics
14.5 - By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information
14.6 - By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation
14.7 - By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
14.a - Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries
14.b - Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
14.c - Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want
Goal 15
15.1 - By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
15.2 - By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
15.3 - By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world
15.4 - By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development
15.5 - Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
15.6 - Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed
15.7 - Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
15.8 - By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
15.9 - By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts
15.a - Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems
15.b - Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation
15.c - Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities
Goal 16
16.1 - Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
16.2 - End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children
16.3 - Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all
16.5 - Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms
16.6 - Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels
16.7 - Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels
16.8 - Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance
16.9 - By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration
16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements
16.a - Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime
16.b - Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development
Goal 17
17.1 - Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection
17.2 - Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries
17.3 - Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources
17.4 - Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress
17.5 - Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries
17.6 - Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism
17.7 - Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed
17.8 - Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology
17.9 - Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation
17.10 - Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda
17.11 - Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020
17.12 - Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access
17.13 - Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence
17.14 - Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development
17.15 - Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development
Multi-stakeholder partnerships
17.16 - Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the sustainable development goals in all countries, in particular developing countries
17.17 - Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships
Data, monitoring and accountability
17.18 - By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts
17.19 - By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries
Start: 20 September, 2017
